Learn what sciatica is, what causes pain to travel down the leg, how healthcare providers identify the underlying cause, and the treatment options that may help relieve symptoms.

Motion preservation has long been one of the primary goals of lumbar total disc replacement (TDR). In contrast to spinal fusion, which intentionally eliminates movement at the treated level to stabilize the spine, TDR is designed to maintain segmental motion while still addressing pain caused by degenerative disc disease. This shift in approach reflects a broader effort to preserve more natural spinal biomechanics but it also introduces an important clinical question. Does preserving motion...

How competency-based training, simulation, structured feedback, and digital learning are reshaping spine surgical education. For decades, the phrase “See One, Do One, Teach One” has symbolized surgical training. Today, however, technical expertise is increasingly expected to be demonstrated not simply accumulated through experience. While mentorship and hands-on operative learning remain fundamental, today's spine surgeons practice in a more complex environment shaped by navigation, robotics,...